Jawaban Singkat
A TiO₂ slurry pump is a heavy-duty pump engineered to handle the corrosive and abrasive slurries produced during titanium dioxide manufacturing. In the sulfate process, the pump must withstand hot sulfuric acid (up to 110°C) combined with abrasive titanium ore particles — a dual challenge that destroys standard stainless steel pumps within weeks. Key selection factors:
- Material must resist acid and abrasion simultaneously: Stainless steel resists acid but wears rapidly from ore particles. Rubber resists abrasion but degrades in hot acid. UHMWPE (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) is one of the few materials that excels at both — it is chemically inert to sulfuric acid at concentrations up to 80% and temperatures up to 90°C, while its abrasion resistance significantly exceeds that of stainless steel.
- Penanganan padatan mencegah penyumbatan: TiO₂ process slurries contain up to 30% solid particles by weight — titanium ore, silica, and precipitated titanium dioxide crystals. Semi-open impellers and wide flow passages prevent the blockages that plague standard closed-impeller pumps.
- Seal selection prevents acid leaks: Hot sulfuric acid slurry is a safety and environmental hazard. Double mechanical seals with a barrier fluid system provide the leak protection that single seals cannot guarantee in this aggressive service.
Titanium dioxide production, particularly the sulfate process, subjects pumps to one of the most aggressive combinations of corrosion and abrasion in the chemical industry. A stainless steel pump may survive the acid but wears through from ore particles within months. A rubber-lined pump may handle the particles but degrades in hot sulfuric acid. This is why the UHMWPE-lined pump has become the standard solution in TiO₂ plants worldwide — it is one of the few materials that can withstand both chemical attack from the acid and mechanical wear from the solids.
After reading this guide, you will understand the specific pump demands of each TiO₂ process stage, why UHMWPE outperforms both stainless steel and other lining materials, how to select the right pump configuration for your specific process, and how to prevent the most common failures in TiO₂ slurry pumping. With over 20 years of pump manufacturing experience, Changyu Pump presents this focused selection guide for TiO₂ and chemical processing applications.
1. What Is a TiO₂ Slurry Pump?
Titanium dioxide is produced primarily through the sulfate process, where ilmenite ore (FeTiO₃) is digested in concentrated sulfuric acid at elevated temperatures. The resulting slurry contains unreacted ore, silica impurities, and dissolved titanium sulfate — all suspended in hot, corrosive acid. This mixture then passes through a series of chemical treatment stages, each with different temperature, concentration, and solids content profiles.
A TiO₂ slurry pump must handle this progression of aggressive fluids without corroding, clogging, or leaking. Standard chemical pumps fail because they are designed for either corrosion resistance (stainless steel, fluoroplastic-lined) or abrasion resistance (hard metal, rubber) — rarely both.
The Dual Challenge of TiO₂ Slurries
| Tantangan | Sumber | Efek pada Pompa |
|---|---|---|
| Korosi asam | Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) at 10–80% concentration, up to 110°C | Attacks stainless steel passive layer; degrades rubber linings; corrodes cast iron rapidly |
| Keausan abrasif | Ilmenite ore particles, silica sand, unreacted solids up to 30% by weight | Erodes impeller vanes and casing walls; accelerates corrosion by removing protective films |
| Pengendapan padatan | High-density ore particles settle when flow stops or velocity drops | Clogs impeller passages; blocks suction lines; causes hard starting after idle periods |
| Temperature cycling | Process temperatures range from ambient to 110°C across different stages | Thermal expansion stresses lining-to-housing bond; accelerates seal wear |
2. Why Is UHMWPE the Ideal Material for TiO₂ Slurry Pumps?
Polietilen dengan berat molekul sangat tinggi has emerged as the material of choice for TiO₂ slurry pump construction because it uniquely addresses the combined acid-plus-abrasion challenge that defeats other materials.
UHMWPE vs Alternative Materials
| Bahan | Acid Resistance (H₂SO₄ up to 80%) | Ketahanan Abrasi | Batas Suhu | Biaya Relatif | TiO₂ Service Life |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baja Tahan Karat 316L | Poor — rapid corrosion above 50°C | Poor — soft, wears quickly from ore particles | Tinggi | Sedang | 2–6 bulan |
| Baja Tahan Karat Dupleks | Moderate — better than 316L, but still corrodes in hot acid | Sedang | Tinggi | Tinggi | 6–12 bulan |
| Dilapisi Karet Alam | Poor — degrades in hot acid, temperature limited to 70°C | Luar biasa | 70°C | Sedang | 3–9 bulan |
| Berlapis PTFE/PFA | Sangat baik — ketahanan asam universal | Moderate — softer than UHMWPE, particles can embed and wear; shorter life in high-solids TiO₂ slurries | 120–160°C | Tinggi | 12–24 months (shorter in high-solids stages; preferred for high-temperature, low-solids stages) |
| Dilapisi UHMWPE | Excellent — chemically inert to H₂SO₄ up to 80% | Excellent — abrasion resistance significantly exceeds stainless steel; can handle up to 30% solids | 90°C | Sedang | 18–36 months (varies by stage — longer in washing/settling, shorter in digestion/hydrolysis) |
| High-Chrome Alloy | Poor — no acid resistance | Luar biasa | Tinggi | Sedang | 1–3 bulan |
What Makes UHMWPE Different
UHMWPE’s performance in TiO₂ service comes from its unique molecular structure. The extremely long polymer chains — much longer than standard polyethylene — create a material that is simultaneously:
- Chemically inert: UHMWPE resists sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and most chemical solutions used in TiO₂ processing. It does not corrode, pit, or stress-crack in acidic environments.
- Exceptionally abrasion-resistant: UHMWPE’s abrasion resistance significantly exceeds that of stainless steel. The material’s low coefficient of friction means particles slide across the surface rather than digging in and removing material.
- Impact-resistant: Unlike brittle materials such as ceramics, UHMWPE absorbs impact from large particles without cracking or chipping.
- Non-stick: UHMWPE’s low surface energy prevents TiO₂ particles and scale from adhering to pump internals — reducing clogging and making cleaning easier.
Langkah 5: Pilih Spesifikasi Motor. For TiO₂ process stages operating below 90°C — which covers the majority of the sulfate process — UHMWPE-lined pumps provide the optimal combination of acid resistance, abrasion resistance, and service life. For stages exceeding 90°C (such as acid digestion), FEP or PFA-lined pumps provide the necessary temperature margin. For the hottest, most aggressive stages, a two-material strategy — UHMWPE for lower-temperature, high-solids stages and FEP for high-temperature stages — optimizes both pump life and total cost of ownership.
3. How to Select a TiO₂ Slurry Pump by Process Stage?
The titanium dioxide sulfate process flows through distinct stages, each with different fluid characteristics. Matching the pump configuration to each stage is the key to reliable, long-term operation.
TiO₂ Sulfate Process Stage-by-Stage Pump Selection
| Tahap Proses | Karakteristik Cairan | Suhu | Konten Padatan | Konfigurasi Pompa yang Direkomendasikan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acid digestion (reactor discharge) | Ilmenite ore + 70–80% H₂SO₄ slurry, highly abrasive | 90–110°C | 20–30% | FEP-lined pump (CYB Series) with semi-open impeller; double mechanical seal. UHMWPE-lined pump (UHB Series) acceptable only for intermittent or lower-temperature transfer (<90°C) |
| Acid digestion (slurry transfer) | Ilmenite ore + 70–80% H₂SO₄ slurry, moderate abrasion | 60–90°C → 60–90°C | 20–30% | UHMWPE-lined pump with semi-open impeller; double mechanical seal |
| Settling / clarification | Dilute acid slurry with fine settled solids, moderate abrasion | 40–60°C → 40–60°C | 5–15% | Pompa berlapis UHMWPE dengan impeler semi-terbuka; segel mekanis tunggal atau ganda |
| Freezing / crystallization | FeSO₄·7H₂O crystal slurry in sulfuric acid solution | 0–15°C | 10–20% crystal solids | UHMWPE-lined pump — UHMWPE retains impact strength at low temperatures; semi-open impeller |
| Hydrolysis | Precipitated TiO₂ particles in dilute acid, fine abrasive slurry | 80-100°C | 10–20% | UHMWPE-lined pump (for ≤90°C); FEP-lined pump (for >90°C); semi-open impeller |
| Washing / filtration | TiO₂ filter cake slurry, moderate solids, dilute acid | 30–60°C | 15–25% | UHMWPE-lined pump with semi-open impeller; single mechanical seal |
| Salt treatment | TiO₂ slurry with added chemicals (K₂CO₃, H₃PO₄), moderate abrasion | 40–70°C | 10–20% | UHMWPE-lined pump with semi-open impeller; double mechanical seal for chemical additives |
| Calcination feed | Thickened TiO₂ paste, very high solids, low acidity | 20–40°C | 25–40% | UHMWPE-lined pump or progressive cavity pump for very high solids |
Key Selection Rules by Stage
- Acid digestion — the hottest stage: Acid digestion reactor discharge temperatures range from 90–110°C. This exceeds UHMWPE’s 90°C limit. The primary recommendation for this stage is an FEP-lined pump (CYB Series) rated to 120°C. UHMWPE pumps may only be considered for downstream slurry transfer where the temperature has dropped below 90°C.
- Stages with high solids (>20%): UHMWPE-lined pumps with semi-open impellers handle up to 30% solids. For calcination feed exceeding 30% solids, a progressive cavity pump provides better handling.
- Stages with chemical additives: When the slurry contains potassium, phosphate, or other treatment chemicals in addition to sulfuric acid, verify that all wetted materials (including seal elastomers) are compatible with the complete chemical mixture.
Langkah 5: Pilih Spesifikasi Motor. For the majority of TiO₂ sulfate process stages — settling, washing, salt treatment, and freezing — UHMWPE-lined pumps provide the most cost-effective, longest-life solution. For the acid digestion reactor discharge, FEP-lined pumps are the required specification due to temperatures exceeding 90°C. This two-material strategy optimizes both pump life and total cost of ownership across the entire plant.
4. How to Prevent Clogging and Crystallization in TiO₂ Pumps?
TiO₂ slurries present two distinct clogging risks that must be addressed in pump selection and system design.
Solids Settling During Idle Periods
The ore particles and TiO₂ crystals in the slurry are dense. When a pump stops, these solids settle rapidly in the casing, suction pipe, and impeller passages. On restart, the pump must overcome a compacted layer of settled solids — causing hard starting, motor overload, or impeller damage.
Tindakan pencegahan:
- Desain impeler semi-terbuka: Unlike closed impellers with narrow internal passages, a semi-open impeller has no front shroud where solids can accumulate. The open vane design allows settled solids to be flushed out on restart.
- Flush system for idle protection: For pumps that are shut down for extended periods, an external flush system displaces slurry from the pump internals before solids can settle. The flush liquid must be chemically compatible with the process fluid — water flushing of concentrated acid pumps is dangerous due to exothermic reaction and must be avoided. Use a compatible process-compatible liquid instead.
- Minimum flow velocity: Maintain at least 1.5 m/s flow velocity in all slurry piping to prevent solids from settling during operation.
Sulfate Crystal Formation
In the freezing and crystallization stages, dissolved iron sulfate (FeSO₄) crystallizes out of solution. These crystals can form on pump surfaces, seal faces, and in small clearances — causing mechanical seal failure and increased wear.
Tindakan pencegahan:
- Permukaan internal yang dipoles: The naturally low-friction surface of UHMWPE resists crystal adhesion. Unlike rough cast metal surfaces, UHMWPE does not provide nucleation sites for crystal growth.
- Kontrol lingkungan segel: An external flush to the mechanical seal faces prevents crystals from forming in the close-clearance seal gap during idle periods.
- Manajemen suhu: Maintaining the pump casing temperature above the crystallization point prevents crystal formation during brief shutdowns.
5. What Seal Arrangement Is Best for TiO₂ Slurry Pumps?
Seal selection for TiO₂ slurry pumps is driven by three factors: the hazardous nature of hot sulfuric acid, the abrasive solids in the slurry, and the risk of crystallization at the seal faces during idle periods.
Seal Options for TiO₂ Service
| Jenis Segel | Terbaik untuk | Limitations in TiO₂ Service |
|---|---|---|
| Segel mekanis tunggal | Non-hazardous, low-temperature, low-solids stages | Abrasive particles invade seal faces; acid leakage on failure is a safety hazard; crystallization during idle damages faces |
| Segel mekanis ganda (back-to-back) | Hazardous acid stages; high-temperature; high-solids | Higher initial cost; requires clean barrier fluid supply |
| Double mechanical seal with external flush | Stages with crystallization risk; intermittent duty | Requires flush system installation and operation |
Why Double Seals Are the Standard for TiO₂ Service
A double mechanical seal arrangement — two seals mounted back-to-back with a clean barrier fluid circulating between them at a pressure higher than the pumped slurry — provides three critical advantages in TiO₂ applications:
- Penahanan kebocoran: If the inboard seal fails, the barrier fluid — not the acid slurry — leaks out. This prevents hazardous acid releases and protects the bearing housing from corrosion.
- Face protection: The barrier fluid lubricates and cools both seal faces, preventing the abrasive slurry from contacting the outboard seal. This extends seal life significantly compared to single seals running directly in the slurry.
- Pencegahan kristalisasi: The circulating barrier fluid prevents slurry from stagnating and crystallizing at the seal faces during idle periods.
Langkah 5: Pilih Spesifikasi Motor. For any TiO₂ process stage handling hot sulfuric acid slurry, specify a double mechanical seal with a clean water or compatible barrier fluid system. The incremental cost of the double seal is recovered within the first avoided seal failure — a leaking single seal on an acid pump is a safety incident, not a maintenance item.
6. How to Select the Right TiO₂ Slurry Pump?
TiO₂ slurry pump selection follows a structured process based on process stage, fluid characteristics, and operating requirements.
Step 1: Identify the Process Stage.
Determine which TiO₂ process stage the pump will serve. Use the stage-by-stage selection matrix in Section 3 to identify the typical fluid characteristics and recommended pump configuration for that stage.
Step 2: Confirm Temperature and Solids Content.
Verify the maximum operating temperature and solids concentration at your specific plant. These two parameters determine whether UHMWPE (≤90°C, ≤30% solids) or FEP (≤120°C, moderate solids) is the appropriate lining material.
Laju aliran ditentukan oleh kebutuhan proses — volume yang akan dipindahkan dibagi dengan waktu yang tersedia. Total head dinamis sama dengan angkat statis ditambah kerugian gesekan pada pipa, fitting, dan katup. Untuk fluida kental, terapkan faktor koreksi viskositas — kerugian gesekan meningkat dengan viskositas dibandingkan dengan air.
Based on the acid concentration, temperature, and hazard level of the stage, select the appropriate seal type using the table in Section 5. For hot acid stages, specify a double mechanical seal with barrier fluid.
Step 4: Size the Pump.
Calculate the required flow rate and total dynamic head. For slurry service, apply a 10–15% safety factor to the flow rate to account for viscosity effects. Size the suction line at least 1.5 times the pump inlet diameter to ensure adequate NPSH with high-density slurries.
Step 5: Plan for Maintenance.
Arrange the pump installation for easy access to the casing, impeller, and seal for routine inspection and replacement. Keep a spare mechanical seal set and impeller in inventory — TiO₂ slurry pumps operate in one of the most aggressive services in the chemical industry, and planned maintenance is always less costly than unplanned downtime.
Langkah 5: Pilih Spesifikasi Motor. For any TiO₂ process stage operating below 90°C with solids content above 10%, specify a UHMWPE-lined pump with a semi-open impeller and double mechanical seal. This configuration has proven to deliver the longest service life and lowest total cost of ownership across multiple TiO₂ plants. For acid digestion reactor discharge above 90°C, FEP-lined pumps are the required specification.
7. Changyu Pump TiO₂ Slurry Pump Solutions
Changyu Pump manufactures pump series specifically engineered for the dual corrosion-plus-abrasion challenge of TiO₂ production. Two series serve the majority of TiO₂ process stages.
TiO₂ Slurry Pump Selection Guide
| Tahap Proses | Suhu | Rekomendasi Utama | Alternatif |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acid digestion (reactor discharge >90°C) | 90–110°C | Seri CYB (berlapis FEP) | — |
| Acid digestion (slurry transfer ≤90°C) | 60–90°C → 60–90°C | Seri UHB (berlapis UHMWPE) | — |
| Settling, washing, salt treatment | Hingga 90°C | Seri UHB (berlapis UHMWPE) | — |
| Hydrolysis | 80-100°C | UHB Series (for ≤90°C); CYB Series (>90°C) | — |
| Freezing / crystallization | 0–15°C | Seri UHB (berlapis UHMWPE) | — |
| Calcination feed (very high solids) | Up to 40°C | Seri UHB (berlapis UHMWPE) | G-Type Screw Pump (if >30% solids) |
UHB Series — UHMWPE-Lined Slurry Pump for TiO₂ Production
The UHB Series is the workhorse pump for titanium dioxide processing. Its steel-reinforced UHMWPE lining provides the acid resistance of a fluoroplastic pump combined with the abrasion resistance needed for ore slurries. The semi-open impeller handles up to 30% solid content without clogging.
Key features for TiO₂ service:
- UHMWPE lining chemically inert to sulfuric acid up to 80% concentration at temperatures up to 90°C
- Abrasion resistance significantly exceeding stainless steel — handles ore particles that wear through metal pumps within months
- Impeler semi-terbuka mencegah penyumbatan dari padatan yang mengendap dan material berserat
- Available with double mechanical seal configuration for hot acid stages
- Kecepatan operasi rendah (750–1.450 r/mnt) mengurangi laju keausan dan memperpanjang masa pakai
| Parameter | Spesifikasi |
|---|---|
| Laju aliran | 3-2.600 m³/jam |
| Kepala | 5-100 m |
| Daya motor | 0,75-300 kW |
| Kecepatan | 750-2.900 r/menit |
| Suhu | -20°C hingga 90°C |
| Bahan pelapis | UHMWPE |
CYB Series — FEP-Lined Pump for High-Temperature TiO₂ Stages
For TiO₂ process stages operating above the 90°C limit of UHMWPE — particularly acid digestion reactor discharge and high-temperature hydrolysis — the CYB Series provides an FEP fluoroplastic lining rated to 120°C. FEP offers near-universal acid resistance and a non-stick surface that resists scale buildup.
Key features for high-temperature TiO₂ service:
- FEP lining resistant to sulfuric acid at all concentrations up to 120°C
- Non-stick surface prevents TiO₂ scale and sulfate crystal adhesion
- Double mechanical seal with barrier fluid for hot acid containment
- Suitable for acid digestion, high-temperature hydrolysis, and concentrated acid feed
| Parameter | Spesifikasi |
|---|---|
| Laju aliran | 3-2.600 m³/jam |
| Kepala | 5-100 m |
| Daya motor | 0,75-300 kW |
| Kecepatan | 968-3.450 r/menit |
| Suhu | -80°C hingga 120°C |
| Bahan pelapis | FEP |
8. Case Study of TiO₂ Slurry Pump: Solving an Acid Leakage Failure in a TiO₂ Plant
A titanium dioxide plant in China operated the sulfate process with an annual capacity of 50,000 tons. The settling stage — where digested ilmenite slurry at 50–60°C with 15–20% solids is clarified — was originally equipped with 316L stainless steel centrifugal pumps fitted with closed impellers and single mechanical seals.
Within three months of operation, plant maintenance records documented:
- Casing wear through: Two of four pumps required complete casing replacement due to acid corrosion combined with erosion from ore particles. The 316L stainless steel, while resistant to sulfuric acid at ambient temperature, corroded at an accelerated rate at 50–60°C. The ore particles then eroded the weakened surface, creating deep grooves in the volute wall. The closed impeller design trapped settled solids, further accelerating internal wear.
- Kegagalan seal: The single mechanical seals failed on average every 6–8 weeks. Abrasive slurry particles invaded the seal faces, and acid crystallization during weekend shutdowns prevented the seal faces from seating properly on Monday restart.
- Production impact: Each pump failure required 4–6 hours of downtime for replacement. With two pumps often out of service simultaneously, the settling stage operated below capacity, creating a bottleneck in the production line.
Changyu Pump engineers replaced all four settling stage pumps with UHB Series UHMWPE-lined slurry pumps configured with semi-open impellers and double mechanical seals with external barrier fluid flush.
The UHMWPE lining provided simultaneous resistance to sulfuric acid corrosion and ore particle abrasion — the two failure mechanisms that had destroyed the stainless steel pumps. The semi-open impeller eliminated the clogging that occurred when settled solids accumulated in the previous closed impellers. The double mechanical seals, with clean water barrier fluid, prevented both abrasive particle ingress and acid crystallization at the seal faces.
Three years after replacement: zero casing replacements, seal life extended to 12–18 months (from 6–8 weeks), and zero production downtime attributed to settling stage pump failures. The plant extended the UHMWPE-lined pump specification to the washing and salt treatment stages during the next scheduled maintenance cycle.
Poin penting: Stainless steel cannot serve as a long-term pump material in TiO₂ slurry service. The combination of hot sulfuric acid and abrasive ore particles destroys stainless steel through a synergistic corrosion-erosion mechanism that UHMWPE-lined pumps are specifically engineered to resist.
FAQs about TiO₂ Slurry Pumps
Q: Why does stainless steel fail so quickly in TiO₂ slurry service?
A: Stainless steel faces a dual attack: hot sulfuric acid corrodes the passive oxide layer that protects the metal, while abrasive ore particles erode the weakened surface. This corrosion-erosion synergy removes material far faster than either mechanism alone. UHMWPE resists both — it is chemically inert to the acid and highly resistant to abrasion.
Q: Can one pump type serve all TiO₂ process stages?
A: No. The majority of stages — settling, washing, salt treatment, freezing, and calcination feed — are best served by UHMWPE-lined pumps. The acid digestion reactor discharge stage, where temperatures exceed 90°C, requires FEP-lined pumps with higher temperature ratings.
Q: What temperature limit applies to UHMWPE-lined pumps?
A: UHMWPE-lined pumps are rated for continuous service at temperatures up to 90°C. This covers most TiO₂ sulfate process stages. For stages exceeding 90°C — particularly acid digestion reactor discharge — specify FEP-lined pumps rated to 120°C.
Q: How do I prevent my TiO₂ slurry pump from clogging after shutdown?
A: Three measures prevent shutdown clogging: specify a semi-open impeller that does not trap solids, install an external flush system with a compatible liquid to displace slurry before solids settle, and maintain a minimum flow velocity of 1.5 m/s during operation. Never use water to flush concentrated acid pumps — the exothermic reaction is dangerous.
Q: What seal type is recommended for hot acid TiO₂ stages?
A: Double mechanical seals with a clean barrier fluid system. The barrier fluid prevents abrasive slurry from contacting the seal faces and stops acid crystallization during idle periods. Single seals are not recommended for hot acid stages due to safety and reliability risks.
Q: How do UHMWPE and FEP compare for TiO₂ service?
A: UHMWPE provides superior abrasion resistance at a lower cost, making it the first choice for stages below 90°C. FEP provides superior temperature resistance (up to 120°C) and universal acid resistance, making it the choice for the hottest, most corrosive stages. Together, they cover the full TiO₂ sulfate process.
Daftar Periksa Pencegahan untuk Insinyur Pompa Changyu
- Never specify stainless steel for TiO₂ slurry service. The combination of hot acid and abrasive ore particles will destroy the pump within months.
- Match the lining material to the stage temperature. UHMWPE for ≤90°C; FEP for >90°C (acid digestion reactor discharge).
- Specify semi-open impellers for all TiO₂ slurry stages. Closed impellers trap settled solids and clog on restart.
- Install double mechanical seals on all hot acid stages. Single seals on acid pumps are a safety risk and a false economy.
- Maintain minimum flow velocity of 1.5 m/s in all slurry piping. Lower velocities allow ore particles to settle and block the line.
- Flush pumps with a compatible liquid (never water for concentrated acid) before extended shutdowns. This displaces slurry from the casing and seal chamber.
- Keep spare impellers, mechanical seal sets, and casing liners in inventory. TiO₂ slurry pumps operate in one of the most aggressive services in the chemical industry.
- Monitor flow rate and discharge pressure trends. A gradual flow decline at constant speed indicates impeller or casing wear — schedule replacement before the pump fails.
Kesimpulan
A TiO₂ slurry pump operates in one of the most aggressive environments in the chemical industry — hot sulfuric acid combined with abrasive ore particles creates a corrosion-erosion synergy that standard pump materials cannot survive. UHMWPE-lined pumps have become the industry standard for the majority of TiO₂ sulfate process stages because this material uniquely resists both chemical attack and mechanical wear, delivering 18–36 months of service life where stainless steel fails within 3–6 months.
The key to reliable TiO₂ pump operation is matching the pump configuration to the specific process stage: UHMWPE-lined pumps with semi-open impellers and double mechanical seals for settling, washing, salt treatment, and freezing stages; FEP-lined pumps for the acid digestion reactor discharge stage where temperatures exceed 90°C. This two-material strategy optimizes both service life and total cost of ownership across the entire plant.
Changyu Pump’s engineering team provides tailored technical assessments for TiO₂ slurry pump applications — covering process stage analysis, material selection, seal configuration, and pump sizing. Two decades of manufacturing experience in corrosive and abrasive chemical applications inform every recommendation.